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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on September 28, 2024

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PARAM Rudra Supercomputer

For Preliminary Examination:  Current events of national and international importance

For Mains Examination:  GS III - Science & Technology

Context:

The inauguration of the PARAM Rudra supercomputer at the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS) in Kolkata by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi brings high performance computing facilities to the Eastern Region, benefitting around 10-12 institutions and thousands of researchers working in this region

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What is Supercomputer?

Significance of PARAM Rudra

Key takeaways:

• Developed as part of the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), the PARAM Rudra series, under the leadership of the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), is set to transform research in areas like advanced materials, high-energy physics, earth sciences, and cosmology. With installations in Pune and Delhi, this series represents a major leap forward in India's scientific and technological capabilities.
• The PARAM Rudra supercomputer at the S.N. Bose Centre, an autonomous institute under DST, will provide critical high-performance computing (HPC) resources to institutions in Eastern India.
• This facility will enable collaboration among researchers from institutions such as Bose Institute, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), and IISER Kolkata, allowing scientists to perform complex simulations and calculations more efficiently, thereby accelerating the resolution of intricate scientific challenges.
• The 838 TFLOPS system is set to significantly boost research across a range of scientific fields by offering advanced HPC capabilities.
• In materials science, it will accelerate high-throughput computational materials design, expediting the discovery and development of new materials. In Earth science, it will support computational modeling of planetary and Earth materials, combining first-principles calculations with LHDAC (Laser Heated Diamond Anvil Cell) experiments.
• In biological sciences, machine learning will be leveraged to study biomolecular functions, aiding in disease research and treatment development. In chemical science, the supercomputer will help explore molecular electronic structures, advancing quantum chemistry research and improving the understanding of chemical reactivity.
• Additionally, the system will be essential for high-energy astrophysics research, offering insights into the universe's fundamental properties and enabling studies on dense matter, as seen in the ALICE experiment at CERN. It will also facilitate modeling the universe's structure and dynamics, including the interplay of gravitational waves, high-energy photons, and astrophysical neutrinos.
• The benefits of PARAM Rudra extend beyond scientific research. As noted by the Prime Minister, these high-performance computing technologies will bolster India’s global competitiveness in fields like space exploration and semiconductor manufacturing, while also impacting daily life.
• These capabilities are expected to play a pivotal role in disaster management, economic growth, and enhancing business operations, contributing to India’s progress in Industry 4.0.
• Moreover, PARAM Rudra will significantly enhance India's weather and climate prediction abilities, further showcasing its broad utility.
• The PARAM Rudra supercomputer reflects India's dedication to achi