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General Studies 2 >> International Relations

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WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (WEF)

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (WEF)

 
 
1. Context
 
National security advisors of several countries met here on Sunday to discuss a peace formula for Ukraine and pushed for early restoration of peace in the war-hit country, with the host Switzerland asserting that India can play a key role with its influence and relations with Russia
 
2.World Economic Forum
 
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international organization that was founded in 1971. It is a Swiss nonprofit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. The WEF is best known for its annual meeting in Davos, a mountain resort in Switzerland, which brings together political leaders, business executives, academics, and other influential figures from around the world to discuss and collaborate on global issues

The World Economic Forum (WEF) was founded by Professor Klaus Schwab. He established the organization in 1971, and the first meeting of the WEF took place in Davos, Switzerland, in that same year. Klaus Schwab, a German economist and engineer, envisioned the WEF as a platform where business leaders, politicians, academics, and other stakeholders could come together to discuss and collaborate on global economic issues.

Over the years, the World Economic Forum has grown into a prominent international organization, hosting annual meetings in Davos that attract a diverse group of participants from various sectors. The WEF has played a significant role in fostering dialogue and cooperation among leaders to address global challenges and shape economic policies

3. What is the Purpose of the World Economic Forum (WEF)?

 

The World Economic Forum (WEF) has several key purposes, and its mission is to improve the state of the world. The organization aims to achieve this mission through various activities and initiatives:

  • The WEF provides a platform for leaders from the public and private sectors, academia, and civil society to engage in open and constructive dialogue. The goal is to foster a shared understanding of global challenges and to encourage collaboration in finding innovative solutions
  • The WEF seeks to promote cooperation and collaboration among different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations, to address global challenges. These challenges include economic issues, social inequality, environmental sustainability, and technological disruptions
  • Through its meetings, reports, and initiatives, the WEF aims to shape global agendas by identifying key issues and trends that impact the world economy and society. The organization strives to provide insights and recommendations to inform decision-makers and influence policy development
  • The WEF is committed to advancing inclusive and sustainable economic growth. It addresses issues related to social inclusion, gender equality, and environmental stewardship, advocating for policies that benefit a broad spectrum of society
  • The WEF emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the public and private sectors. It believes that effective solutions to global challenges often require coordinated efforts and partnerships between governments and businesses
  • The WEF serves as a hub for thought leadership, bringing together experts and leaders to share ideas and insights on a wide range of topics. It contributes to shaping intellectual discourse on economic, social, and technological issues
  • In addition to its annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, the WEF organizes regional meetings and initiatives to address specific challenges and opportunities in different parts of the world. This regional engagement helps tailor solutions to local contexts
  • The WEF produces reports, research papers, and publications that provide in-depth analysis of global trends and challenges. These publications contribute to the understanding of complex issues and inform discussions among policymakers and business leaders
4.World Economic Forum and India
 
The World Economic Forum (WEF) engages with India through various initiatives, events, and partnerships to address economic, social, and environmental challenges.
 
Here are some aspects of the relationship between the World Economic Forum and India:
  • The WEF organizes the annual India Economic Summit, which brings together leaders from government, business, academia, and civil society to discuss and collaborate on key issues facing India. The summit focuses on topics such as economic growth, innovation, sustainability, and social development
  • The WEF holds regional meetings around the world, and India has been a host for some of these events. These regional meetings provide a platform for addressing specific challenges and opportunities in the Indian context
  • The WEF emphasizes public-private cooperation, and it works with Indian leaders and businesses to foster collaboration between the government and private sector. This collaboration aims to address challenges and promote inclusive economic growth
  • The WEF publishes the Global Competitiveness Report, which assesses the competitiveness of countries based on various factors. India's performance in these reports is closely watched by policymakers and businesses to understand the country's economic strengths and areas that need improvement
  • The WEF engages in various initiatives and partnerships in India. For example, it has been involved in projects related to sustainable development, digital transformation, and healthcare. These initiatives often involve collaboration between different stakeholders to find innovative solutions to complex issues
  • The WEF explores the impact of emerging technologies on the global economy, and India, being a major player in the technology and innovation space, is often a focus of discussions. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the implications of technology on industries and society are common themes in WEF discussions
  • Given India's diverse population and socio-economic challenges, the WEF emphasizes the importance of inclusive growth. Discussions often revolve around strategies and policies that can ensure that economic development benefits a broad spectrum of society
  • The WEF produces reports and insights specific to India, providing analysis and recommendations on issues ranging from economic development to social inclusion. These reports contribute to informed decision-making by policymakers and business leaders in the country
5.Reports released by World Economic Forum
 
The World Economic Forum (WEF) regularly releases reports on various global issues, providing insights, analysis, and recommendations for policymakers, business leaders, and the public.
 
Some of the notable reports released by the WEF include:
 
  • Global Competitiveness Report: The WEF's Global Competitiveness Report assesses the competitiveness of countries based on a range of factors, including infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, health, education, innovation, and more. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the global economic landscape.

  • Global Risks Report: The Global Risks Report, published annually by the WEF, identifies and analyzes the most significant risks facing the world. It covers economic, environmental, geopolitical, societal, and technological risks, highlighting potential challenges that may impact global stability.

  • Global Gender Gap Report: This report assesses gender disparities in various countries, focusing on economic participation, educational attainment, health outcomes, and political empowerment. It aims to raise awareness about gender inequality and provide a basis for addressing these disparities.

  • The Future of Jobs Report: The WEF's Future of Jobs Report explores the impact of technological developments, automation, and other trends on the global job market. It examines the skills required for the future and the potential transformations in industries and occupations.

  • Global Information Technology Report: This report assesses the state of information and communication technology (ICT) around the world. It examines the readiness of countries to adopt and benefit from ICT, emphasizing its role in driving economic growth and social development.

  • Global Enabling Trade Report: Focusing on trade and its facilitation, this report assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of trade policies and infrastructure in various countries. It aims to identify areas for improvement to promote smoother international trade.

  • The Human Capital Report: This report evaluates countries based on their investments in human capital, including education and healthcare. It highlights the importance of human capital development for economic growth and competitiveness.

  • Inclusive Development Index: The Inclusive Development Index assesses the inclusiveness of economic growth by considering factors such as income inequality, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. It provides insights into how well countries are translating economic growth into improved well-being for their citizens

6. Way forward
 

WEF has made significant contributions to global dialogue and collaboration, it has also faced criticism. Some critics argue that it is an exclusive gathering of elites, and concerns have been raised about the influence of corporate interests. Despite these criticisms, the WEF remains a prominent international organization committed to addressing global issues through dialogue and collaboration.

 
For Prelims: Current events of national and international importance
For Mains: General Studies II:Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
 
 
Previous Year Questions
1.The Global Competitiveness Report is published by the (UPSC CSE 2019)
A.International Monetary Fund
B.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
C.World Economic Forum
D.World Bank
 
Answer (C)
Source: indianexpress

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