G-77
- The Group of 77 (G-77) is the largest intergovernmental organization of developing countries in the United Nations.
- It was established in 1964 by 77 developing countries, but has since grown to 135 members. The G-77 provides a platform for developing countries to promote their collective economic interests and enhance their joint negotiating capacity on all major international economic issues
- The group's primary aim is to promote economic cooperation among its member states and to address common economic and developmental challenges facing developing countries.
- Today, it is the largest and most diverse consensus group in the multilateral sphere, with 134 member states representing two-thirds of the United Nations membership, 80% of the world’s population and about 50% of the world economy. China, which joined in 1992, participates and collaborates externally.
- The Havana Summit concluded its activities on Saturday and was classified as a great success based on the participation, the points reached for the benefit of the global south and the broad consensus reflected in the final declaration
Key objectives and functions of the G-77 include:
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Promoting economic development: The G-77 seeks to enhance the economic development of its member countries by advocating for fairer trade terms, increased financial assistance, and the transfer of technology and expertise from developed to developing nations.
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Strengthening the voice of developing countries: The group provides a platform for developing countries to collectively voice their concerns and priorities in international forums like the United Nations. This allows them to have a greater say in global decision-making processes.
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South-South cooperation: The G-77 encourages cooperation and collaboration among developing countries, often referred to as South-South cooperation. This can involve sharing knowledge, technology, and resources to address common challenges and promote sustainable development.
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Negotiating at the United Nations: The G-77 often forms alliances with other regional and thematic groups to negotiate on issues such as trade, climate change, development financing, and more. These negotiations are conducted within the framework of the UN and its various agencies.
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Advocating for reform: The G-77 has been an advocate for reforms in international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to make them more responsive to the needs and concerns of developing countries
Here are some key points regarding India's role within the G-77:
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Founding Member: India was one of the founding members of the G-77 when the group was established on June 15, 1964. At that time, 77 developing countries came together to form the coalition to promote economic cooperation and address common development challenges.
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Active Participation: India has consistently participated in G-77 meetings, summits, and negotiations at the United Nations. It has played an active role in shaping the group's agenda and positions on various issues related to economic development, trade, finance, and global governance.
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Advocacy for Developing Countries: India, along with other G-77 member states, advocates for the interests of developing countries in international forums. This includes issues such as trade, development financing, climate change, and reforming global institutions like the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank.
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South-South Cooperation: India has been a proponent of South-South cooperation, which involves collaboration and knowledge sharing among developing countries. Within the G-77, India has engaged in initiatives to foster cooperation among nations of the Global South.
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Diverse Interests: While the G-77 represents a coalition of developing countries, it's important to note that member states have diverse interests and priorities. India's specific positions within the group can vary depending on the issue at hand.
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Development Goals: India aligns its participation in the G-77 with its broader development goals, including poverty reduction, sustainable development, and economic growth
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For Prelims: G 7, BRICS, G 20
For Mains: 1.Explain the genesis and objectives of the G-77 group at the United Nations. How has India's participation in this group influenced its foreign policy and international standing?
2.Discuss the role of the G-77 in promoting South-South cooperation among developing countries. Provide examples of successful initiatives or collaborations within this framework. |
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Previous year Questions
1.With reference to a grouping of countries known as BRICS, consider the following statements: (UPSC CSE 2014)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: (b) 2.Which Country is not a Member of G-7? (RRB Mains 2019)
A. Russia
B. Germany
C. Italy
D. Britain
E. USA
Answer (A)
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