India celebrates Republic Day on January 26 to commemorate the day when the Indian Constitution came into effect in 1950. This date holds historical significance as it marks the culmination of India's struggle for complete independence from British rule. Despite the Constitution being adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, January 26 was chosen as the Republic Day to honour the declaration of "Poorna Swaraj" (complete self-rule) made on January 26, 1930, during the Indian National Congress session in Lahore.

India's first Republic Day on January 26, 1950, marked the transition of the country from a British dominion to a sovereign republic. Despite gaining independence on August 15, 1947, India remained under the authority of the British Crown until the Constitution came into effect. On January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution replaced the Government of India Act of 1935 as the supreme law of the land. Dr Rajendra Prasad assumed office as the first President of India, replacing the British monarch as the ceremonial head of state.

To commemorate this historic occasion, a grand military parade was held in New Delhi, continuing the tradition of displaying sovereign power and prestige, which was previously associated with royal parades during the British Raj. The parade, held at the Irwin Amphitheatre opposite the Purana Qila (now known as the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium), was inspected by President Dr. Rajendra Prasad, with President Sukarno of Indonesia as the esteemed chief guest. This parade marked the beginning of a longstanding tradition of Republic Day celebrations characterized by the grandeur and magnificence of the military parade in the nation's capital.

Republic Day holds immense significance in India's history, symbolizing the country's transition to a sovereign republic and the culmination of its struggle for independence. By commemorating this day with elaborate ceremonies and military parades, India reaffirms its commitment to democratic values, constitutional principles, and national unity. The observance of Republic Day serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters and the enduring spirit of the Indian people in their quest for liberty and self-governance.