Introduction:

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The concept of High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS) refers to an advanced solar-powered unmanned aerial system designed to sustain prolonged control over a designated area, positioned above the troposphere, and equipped with specialized mission sensors. Operating at altitudes around 20 kilometers, solely powered by solar energy, and capable of enduring in-flight for several months, HAPS presents a revolutionary tool with multifaceted applications, notably in surveillance, monitoring, and disaster management scenarios.

Body:

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The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) in Bengaluru recently achieved a milestone by conducting the inaugural test flight of a solar-powered "pseudo satellite," a cutting-edge unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) poised to elevate India's surveillance capabilities, particularly in border regions. Despite being a nascent technology, India's successful test flight positions it alongside a select group of nations exploring HAPS technology.

Challenges of HAPS:

Developing a self-sustaining solar-powered aircraft capable of extended flight durations presents formidable technological challenges. Key hurdles include generating sufficient solar energy to power the aircraft, sustain payload operations, and recharge batteries throughout the night. Additionally, design considerations must address the aircraft's lightweight construction to minimize power demands while ensuring stability. Operating in frigid temperatures exceeding -50 degrees Celsius at high altitudes necessitates specialized measures to maintain electronic functionality.

Conclusion:

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Unlike conventional battery-powered UAVs limited by short flight durations and restricted coverage, HAPS represents a transformative advancement akin to geostationary satellites but with added versatility. Its capacity for redeployment to different locations and adaptability to diverse payloads distinguishes it from geostationary satellites, offering unprecedented flexibility in aerial surveillance and monitoring applications

Other Points to Consider

What is the need for such UAVs?

India and the HAPS