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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on February 12 20205
Daily Insights and Initiatives for UPSC Exam Notes: Comprehensive explanations and high-quality material provided regularly for students
For Preliminary Examination: Focus on constitutional provisions, government schemes, and laws related to manual scavenging.
For Mains Examination: Essay, GS Paper II (Social Justice), GS Paper III (Infrastructure, Technology), and Ethics (Dignity and Rights)
Context:
As per the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (MS Act, 2013), manual scavenging is a banned activity in the country with effect from 06.12.2013. No person or agency can engage or employ any person for manual scavenging from the above date
Read about:
Manual Scavenging
Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (MS Act, 2013)
Key takeaways:
Manual scavenging refers to the practice of manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or handling human excreta from insanitary latrines, drains, or sewers. It is a highly stigmatized and hazardous activity predominantly undertaken by marginalized communities in India.
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Constitution of India:
- Article 14: Right to Equality.
- Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
- Article 21: Right to a dignified life.
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Legislative Framework:
- Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993: Prohibits the construction of dry latrines and the employment of manual scavengers.
- Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013:
- Prohibits manual scavenging in any form.
- Mandates mechanization for cleaning sewers and septic tanks.
- Provides rehabilitation measures, including skill training, financial aid, and alternative employment opportunities.
- Most manual scavengers belong to Scheduled Castes and face systemic discrimination.
- Exposure to toxic gases and pathogens leads to severe health issues, including respiratory disorders, infections, and even death.
- Despite legal prohibition, manual scavenging persists due to poor enforcement and lack of alternatives
- Lack of alternative livelihoods forces individuals to continue this hazardous occupation
- Mechanization of cleaning processes is limited in rural and urban areas due to inadequate infrastructure