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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on June 05, 2025

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G7 group

For Preliminary Examination:  Current events of national and international significance

For Mains Examination: GS II - International Organisations

Context:

With less than two weeks to go for the start of the G7 Summit, being hosted by Canada in Kananaskis in Alberta from June 15-17, India is still to receive an invitation to the gathering

Read about:

What is G7 group?

Who are the members of G7?

Key takeaways:

• The Group of Seven (G7) is an informal coalition of some of the world’s most advanced industrialized countries, comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

• In recent years, it has become common for the G7 to invite leaders from non-member countries and international bodies to join select sessions. Topics typically include economic strategies, global security, environmental issues, energy, and gender equality.

• The group held its first summit in 1975 in France, initially known as the Group of Six, convened to address the economic downturn triggered by an Arab oil embargo. Canada joined in 1976, forming the G7. Russia became part of the group in 1998, creating the G8, but was removed in 2014 after it annexed Crimea.

• Originally focused on economic matters, the G7 has transformed into a broader platform tackling diverse global challenges. Despite having no permanent secretariat, the group rotates its presidency each year, with the presiding country temporarily managing operations.

• Each annual summit ends with a communiqué that outlines shared political goals and commitments, often shaping international policy, setting agendas, and influencing global decision-making.

• Compared to the G7, the G20—formed in response to the 2008 global financial crisis—is seen as more inclusive. According to a Bruegel think tank analysis, the G20 was created because the G7 was viewed as inadequate for addressing modern crises. However, the G20’s size and diversity have made swift consensus difficult. As a solution, some analysts proposed a revamped G7+ format that would include a unified eurozone voice, and major economies like China, India, and Brazil to better reflect current global realities.

• If India is not invited to this year’s summit, it would mark the country’s first absence since 2019. Aside from 2020—when the U.S. cancelled the summit—Prime Minister Narendra Modi has consistently participated.

• A recent strain in India-Canada relations has drawn attention. Diplomatic ties were downgraded after Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accused Indian government agents of possible involvement in the 2023 killing of Khalistan separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada. India strongly denied the allegations, calling them baseless and politically motivated.

• G7 host nations typically extend invitations to a select few "guest" or "outreach" countries. So far, Canada has confirmed invitations to Ukrain