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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on December 04, 2024
Daily Insights and Initiatives for UPSC Exam Notes: Comprehensive explanations and high-quality material provided regularly for students
For Preliminary Examination: Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence(AI)
For Mains Examination: GS II - Governance on Artificial Intelligence
Context:
The United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom (UK) are expected to sign the Council of Europe’s convention on artificial intelligence (AI), the first “legally binding” international treaty on the use of the revolutionary new technology
Read about:
What do you understand by ‘legally binding’?
What is Artificial Intelligence?
What is the Bletchley Declaration?
Key takeaways:
— The treaty, which emphasizes human rights in regulating both public and private-sector AI systems, is considered the first significant agreement among major players in AI development. This comes in response to concerns that varying regulations proposed by individual countries could obstruct the advancement of AI technology.
— Officially titled the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law, the treaty was opened for signing at a Council of Europe Ministers of Justice conference held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on Thursday.
— Drafted over the past two years by more than 50 countries, the treaty adopts a risk-based approach to the design, development, utilization, and decommissioning of AI systems.
— Signatories are responsible for addressing any harmful or discriminatory outcomes of AI systems. They must ensure that AI outputs respect equality and privacy rights and that victims of AI-related rights violations have access to legal remedies.
— The Framework Convention has some exceptions, including areas related to national security and research and development. It mandates that parties manage risks associated with AI activities conducted by both public and private entities throughout the AI lifecycle.
— This treaty is introduced alongside various new regulations and agreements on AI, such as the G7 AI pact (October 2023), Europe’s AI Act, and the Bletchley Declaration signed by 28 countries (November 2023).
— Although the treaty is described as “legally binding,” there are concerns about its lack of provisions for punitive measures such as penalties or fines.
— As the private sector continues to innovate rapidly, global lawmakers are working to establish legislative boundaries for AI to mitigate its potential risks. Recently, the IT Ministry in India issued an advisory requiring generative AI companies to seek government approval before deploying untested systems. However, after facing international criticism, the government withdrew this advisory and released a revised version without the approval requirement.
— Last year, the EU finalized its AI Act, which includes safeguards for AI use within the EU, specifically for law enforcement agencies, and allows consumers to file complaints against any perceived violations
Follow Up Question
With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following? ( UPSC 2020)
1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units
2. Create meaningful short stories and songs
3. Disease diagnosis
4. Text-to-Speech Conversion
5. Wireless trans