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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on June 03, 2025
Daily Insights and Initiatives for UPSC Exam Notes: Comprehensive explanations and high-quality material provided regularly for students
How is President’s Rule imposed?
For Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international significance
For Mains Examination: GS II - Indian Polity and Governance
Context:
A delegation of 10 MLAs from the Manipur Assembly met the Governor of the State and pressed for the formation of a viable government in Manipur that has been under President’s Rule since February 2025.
Read about:
Article 356
Article 352
Key takeaways:
What is President’s Rule?
- President’s Rule is enforced in a State under Article 356 of the Constitution when the State government is dismissed. Unlike the constitutions of countries like the United States and Australia—which require their federal governments to support state governments but do not permit their removal—India’s Constitution allows the Central government to assume control of a State’s administration if it cannot be run as per constitutional provisions.
- This authority is exercised by the President, usually following a report from the State Governor or, in some cases, under Article 365, when a State fails to implement directives from the Union government.
- To remain in effect, the proclamation of President’s Rule must receive approval from both Houses of Parliament within two months through a simple majority. Once approved, it is valid for six months and may be extended in six-month increments with repeated parliamentary approval, again by a simple majority. However, the total duration of President’s Rule in a State cannot exceed three years
What is the historical background?
- During the Constituent Assembly debates, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had expressed hope that Article 356 would never need to be invoked and would remain unused. Contrary to this hope, the provision has often been misapplied to dismiss democratically elected State governments that held a majority, undermining constitutional values and the spirit of federalism.
- The reasons cited for such dismissals ranged from setbacks in Lok Sabha elections to perceived law-and-order failures. Decisions related to the dissolution of State Legislative Assemblies following the imposition of President’s Rule have lacked consistency and often been guided more by political motives than by constitutional norms.
- Governors have responded differently in similar situations regarding the dissolution of Assemblies. While the advice of a Chief Minister with majority support is generally binding, there have been instances where Governors acted differently based on perceived political circumstances.
- For example, even when a Chief Minister’s majority was in doubt, the Assemblies in Kerala (1970) and Punjab (1971) were dissolved on their advice. In contrast, in similar situations in Punjab (1967), Uttar Pradesh (1968), Madhya Pradesh (1969), and Orissa (1971), Assemblies were not dissolved immediately. Instead, efforts were made to explore alternative government formations.
What have the courts said?
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