Soya bean-Madya Pradesh

Source: indianexpress

1. About

Soybean called golden beans are belongs to the legume family.
It is native to East Asia. It is a rich source of Protein and also an excellent source of fibre.
Oil extracted from soybean contain a small amount of saturated fat. In Punjab, it plays an important role in crop diversification.

2. Geographical Condition required for Soya Bean

Soybean grows well in warm and moist climates.
A temperature of 26 to 30°C appears to be optimum for most of the varieties.
Soil temperatures of 15.5°C or above favour rapid germination and vigorous seedling growth.
A lower temperature tends to delay the flowering.

3. Cultivation and Distribution of Soybean Across India

4. Reasons for Focused cultivation of SoyaBean in Central India

It could grow well in the region’s black cotton soil and didn’t require much effort;
farmers simply had to prepare the field, sow the seeds, do some basic intercultural and weeding operations, and harvest after three months.
Farmers were assured of a minimum yield even under waterlogged or drought conditions,”

5. Yield Gap analysis of SoyaBean

Soybean is cultivated over an area of 11.00 million ha and the production is 11.53 million tonnes registering productivity of 10.45 q/ha (QE 2015-16) under Vertisol in the rainfed ecosystem in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Telangana.
There persist wide variations in the productivity ranging from 9.5 q/ha in Karnataka and Chhattisgarh to 14.8 q/ha in Telangana, primarily due to farm level inefficiencies.
Dual problems of moisture stress (drought and excess moisture in Vertisols), non-availability of Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) equipment in adequate number, besides biotic stresses (stem fly, rust, yellow mosaic virus, and Spodoptera), high seed rate, low SRR, improper plant population maintenance are the major factors that limit productivity realization as per the potential.

6. Major Produces across Globe and India

In 2020, Brazil overtook the United States as the leading soybean-producing country.
Production of soybean in India is dominated by Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh which contribute 89 per cent of the total production.

7. Significant uses OF SoyaBean

The soybean is one of the richest and cheapest sources of protein and is a staple in the diets of people and animals in numerous parts of the world.
The seed contains 17 per cent oil and 63 per cent meal, 50 per cent of which is protein.

Non-availability of the adequate amount of quality seeds of improved varieties.
Most of the area under soybean cultivation is dependent on rains.
Poor adoption of improved production technology.
Soybean seed is least storable and is vulnerable to mechanical storage.
Soil moisture stress at critical growth stages, especially the seed-filling stage.
High-temperature stress at critical growth stages.
Presence of anti-nutritional factors in soybean.

9. About MACS-1407

Indian scientists recently developed a new soybean variety called the “MACS 1407”.
It is a high-yielding variety that gives 39 quintals per hectare.
The new variety takes only 104 days to mature and 43 days for 50% flowering.
The seeds have 41% protein and 19.81% oil content.
The stem of the new Soybean variety is thick. This provides higher pod insertion, which is, till seven centimetres.
It has good resistance for pod shaking. This makes it highly suitable for mechanical harvesting.
Their germinability is high.
The variety is best suited for the rain-fed regions of North East India.
It is resistant to pests such as leaf miner, leaf roller, girdle beetle, stem fly, white fly, aphids and defoliators.
It is resistant to vagaries of monsoon.

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