HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

1. Context 

3. Meizotropis pellita

• Meizotropis pellita, commonly known as Patwa, is a perennial shrub with a restricted distribution that is endemic to Uttarakhand.
• "The Species is listed as "critically endangered" based on its limited areas of occupancy (less than 10 sq. km).
• The species is threatened by deforestation, habitat fragmentation and forest fires.
• The essential oil extracted from the leaves possesses strong antioxidants and can be a promising natural substitute for synthetic antioxidants in pharmaceutical industries.

4. Fritillaria cirrhosa 

• Fritillaria cirrhosa (Himalayan fritillary) is a perennial bulbous herb. It is reasonable to conclude a decline of at least 30 per cent of its population over the assessment period (22 to 26 years).
• Considering the rate of decline, long generation length, poor germination potential, high trade value, extensive harvesting pressure and illegal trade, the species is listed as "vulnerable".
• In China, the species is used for the treatment of bronchial disorders and pneumonia.
• The plant is also a strong cough suppressant, the IUCN assessment said.

5. Dactylorhiza hatagirea 

• Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Salampanja), is threatened by habitat loss, livestock grazing, deforestation and climate change.
• It is extensively used in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and other alternative systems of medicine to cure dysentery, gastritis, chronic fever, cough and stomach aches.
• The assessment of these plants will set our conservation priorities and help protect the species.

For Prelims & Mains