BACHELOR OF SCIENCE FOR HUMANITIES AND COMMERCE

1. Context

2. Key points

• Currently, the University Grants Commission (UGC) permits universities to offer a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in arts, humanities and social sciences, and a Bachelor of Science (more commonly abbreviated in India as BSc) degree is typically for science subjects.
• However, with the NEP 2020 advocating a restructuring of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, a committee set up by the UGC to review degree nomenclatures has recommended that the new four-year undergraduate honours (or honours with research) degree programme, irrespective of the discipline, can also, be offered a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree.
• Similarly, universities can adopt the Master of Science (MS) nomenclature for both the one and two-year postgraduate programmes, even for disciplines such as arts, humanities, management and commerce.
• Although the committee has recommended using BS nomenclature for degrees across disciplines, it has not permitted the use of BA and MA for science programmes.

3. BA and BS for undergraduate programmes

• The UGC will soon share the five-member committee's recommendations in the public domain for feedback, following which the Commission will notify the fresh set of degree nomenclatures.
• The use of BA and BS for undergraduate programmes across disciplines is a prevalent practice abroad, where universities often offer, say, BA and BS degrees in Psychology or Economics.
• In such a case, the programme curriculum sets the BA degree apart from the BS.
• While a BS degree gives a student a more specialised education in the subject, a BA degree (in the same subject) provides more flexibility.
• The latter is designed with a broader choice of courses allowing the student to tailor his/her education to his/her interests.

4. Follows NEP roadmap

• SECTION 22 of the UGC Act empowers the Commission to notify degree nomenclature.
• The decision, which offers more flexibility to students, is in line with global norms and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
• For instance, Harvard University offers both BA and BS degrees in engineering sciences.
  The BA engineering student is required to earn fewer credits than the BS student and has greater flexibility to pursue her interests outside of engineering.
• The BS degree, on the other hand, provides greater technical depth in the chosen engineering area.
• The committee's report was discussed during the UGC meeting held in the last week of May.
• After discussions, the Commission decided to publicly disclose its recommendations for feedback before finalising the new degree names.

5. Recommendations of the committee

• The formation of the five-member panel was a direct response to the NEP 2020, which proposed the introduction of a four-year undergraduate degree programme offering flexible entry and exit options, along with a one-year master's degree.
• Currently, undergraduate programmes, except for professional degrees such as engineering and medicine, typically are of three years, while mastering programmes extend over two years.

1. The four-year undergraduate honours degree programme will include "Hons" in brackets, such as BA (Hons), BCom (Hons) or BS (Hons). Additionally, a four-year honours programme with research components will have "Hons with Research" in parentheses, like BA (Hons with Research) and BCom (Hons with Research). 
2. The notification of new degree nomenclatures will be an ongoing process. Universities can propose new degree names that are relevant to contemporary and emerging societal needs to the UGC. Upon approval, the higher education regulator will notify the new degree nomenclature.
3. The committee recommends discontinuing the nomenclature of the "MPhil" degree, as per the NEP 2020's recommendation to scrap the MPhil Programme.
4. If a student has earned all the required credits for a programme, he or she can be considered for the award of a qualification (such as a certificate, diploma, or degree) even before the completion of the programme's duration. For example, if a student has earned all the required credits for a four-year programme in 3. 5 years,  he or she should be eligible to receive his or her degree.

• However, the committee clarifies that the new degree names will only apply prospectively and the old degree names will continue to be used even after the introduction of the new terminology.
• Therefore, the current three-year honours degree programme will continue alongside the four-year honours degree programme.