AGRICULTURE 

Agriculture is an Old Economic Activity in Our Country. Over the years, agricultural methods have changed depending on the characteristics of the Physical Environment

1. Types of Farming

At Present, in different parts of India, the following Farming systems are practised

Primitive Subsistence Farming

This type of Farming is practiced in small land by using sticks, hoes and family/ Community labour. This type of Farming depends upon Monsoon, Types of soil and the suitability of other environmental conditions for the crops grown

• Slash/Burn Agriculture: Farmers clear the land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their families.  When the fertility of land decreases farmers shift to another land and clear it for cultivation. this shifting allows  nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes
• Jhumming Cultivation: The same Slash/Burn agriculture is called Jhumming in Northeastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Palmou in Manipur, Dipa in Bastar District of Chattisgarh and in Andaman Nicobar Islands.

Intensive Subsistence Farming

This type of Farming is practised in high-populated areas. It is labour-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are to get higher Production

Chemical Farming: The main characteristic of this farming is using higher doses of modern inputs like Higher yielding Variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides to get higher Productivity. Plantation is also a type of Commercial farming, in this type of farming single crop is grown in larger areas. In India, rubber, coffee, sugarcane, and banana are types of Plantations present

2. Cropping Pattern

India has three types of cropping patterns: rabi, kharif and zaid.