In December 1941, the United States entered World War II, marking the first instance where the term 'United Nations' was coined by President Roosevelt to designate the nations allied against the Axis powers, namely Germany, Italy, and Japan. On January 1, 1942, delegates from 26 allied countries convened in Washington DC to endorse the United Nations declaration, outlining the war objectives of the Allied powers.

India, which was under British colonial rule at the time, was among these nations. As stated in a release from the Ministry of External Affairs, "Independent India considered its membership in the United Nations as a crucial assurance for the preservation of global peace and security."

The United Nations was officially established on October 24, 1945, after receiving ratification from 51 nations. This included five permanent members (France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the US), along with 46 other signatory countries. The inaugural meeting of the General Assembly convened on January 10, 1946

Achievements and Failures of UN

— Over the past 75 years, the United Nations has achieved numerous significant milestones and has expanded its scope to encompass a wide array of global issues, including healthcare, the environment, and the advancement of women's rights, among others.

— In 1946, it adopted a resolution committing to the elimination of nuclear weapons. In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) was established to address communicable diseases such as smallpox, malaria, and HIV. Presently, the WHO plays a pivotal role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

— In 1950, the UN established the High Commissioner for Refugees to provide assistance to the millions displaced by World War II.

— In 2002, the UN instituted the UN Criminal Court to prosecute individuals involved in war crimes, genocide, and other grave offenses.

— Nevertheless, the United Nations has faced criticism. For instance, it failed to prevent the Rwandan genocide in 1994. In 2005, UN peacekeeping missions in the Republic of Congo were accused of sexual misconduct, and similar allegations arose in Cambodia and Haiti. The UN peacekeeping operation in South Sudan was unable to quell the violence stemming from the civil conflict that erupted in 2013.

Conclusion

Ideal Conclusion has to be short and balanced

— A declaration was endorsed during a significant gathering of the UN General Assembly in 2020, marking the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations and its ambitions for the upcoming decade.

— "The forthcoming ten years, known as the 'decade of action and delivery for sustainable development,' are poised to be the most pivotal in our generation's history."

Other Points to Consider

General Assembly

Security Council

Economic and Social Council

Trusteeship Council

International Court of Justice