A simple introduction to this answer can revolve around a general statement about PVTGs.

Tribal groups are frequently defined by certain characteristics such as primitive qualities, particular culture, geographical isolation, reluctance to contact with the larger population, and backwardness.

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) have some specific features such as dependency on hunting, gathering for food, having pre-agriculture level of technology, zero or negative growth of population and extremely low level of literacy.

According to a Tribal Affairs Ministry letter to various states in 2015, “PVTGs constitute the most vulnerable section among tribals and inhabit isolated, remote and difficult areas in small and scattered hamlets/ habitats.”

Body

You may incorporate some of the following points in the body of your answer:

Characteristics of PVTGs

• PVTGs have some basic characteristics -they are mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.
• According to the 2001 census, there are 12 PVTGs having a population above 50,000 and the remaining groups have a population of 1000 or less.
• The PVTG of Sahariyas has the highest population of 4,50,217, while the PVTGs of Sentinelets and Andamanese has a very small population of 39 and 43, respectively.
• PVTG cultural practises, systems, self-government, and livelihood practises vary greatly according on the group and location.
• The level of inequalities in social and economical conditions is very high amongst PVTGs.
• The growth of PVTGs’ population is either stagnating or declining.
• PVTGs depend on various livelihoods such as food gathering,Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP), hunting, livestock rearing, shifting cultivation and artisan works.Most of their livelihoods depend on the forest.
• PVTGs’ health is in terrible shape due to a variety of factors such as poverty, illiteracy, a lack of safe drinking water, poor sanitary conditions, difficult terrain, malnutrition, poor maternal and child health services, a lack of health and nutritional services, superstition, and deforestation.

How they are identified?

Government of India follows the following criteria for identification of PVTGs:

Pre-agricultural level of technology

Low level of literacy

Economic backwardness

A declining or stagnant population.

Conclusion

Your conclusion should be short. You may include:

To improve socio-economic conditions of the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs), Pradhan Mantri PVTG Development Mission will be launched.

This will saturate PVTG families and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking water and sanitation, improved access to education, health and nutrition, road and telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities

The Finance Minister said in her Budget speech, “A Mission to eliminate Sickle Cell Anaemia by 2047 will be launched. It will entail awareness creation, universal screening of 7 crore people in the age group of 0-40 years in affected tribal areas, and counselling through collaborative efforts of central ministries and state governments.”

Other Points to Consider

Different Tribes in News

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes