Mains Practice Question
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Topic
India-China, India-US and China-US – were characterised by equally amicable relationships. Discuss the changing pattern of the China- India-US triangular relationship. (250 Words)
Introduction
A simple introduction to this answer can revolve around a general statement about
India-US-China.
In the early years of this century, the China-India-United States triangle began to shape. Each country maintained a generally positive and cooperative attitude toward the other two.
India-China
India’s relationship with China has recovered from the setback caused by India blaming China for the 1998 nuclear tests. They agreed on a set of political criteria for resolving the border issue in 2005. and bilateral trade began to accelerate.
India and China began to coordinate positions in trilateral and multilateral groupings such as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), Russia- India-China (RIC), Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), World Trade Organization (WTO), climate change negotiations, etc.
India-US
India-US relations also traced a similar trajectory after the 1998 nuclear tests, which the United States perceived as a huge setback to its non-proliferation policy objectives.
The rise and impact of the Indian diaspora in the United States were matched by a surge in the information technology industry.
US-China
At the same time, China-US ties began to mend following scandals such as the US bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade during the Kosovo conflict in 1999, and the EP-3 incident in 2001, which included a collision between US and Chinese military planes near Hainan.
Body
You may incorporate some of the following points in the body of your answer
There are various factors are responsible for this change in the pattern of the triangular dynamic:
US-China relationship
In the second half of the 19th century, American missionaries began to arrive in China and began to generate empathy for the nation. During World War II, Washington backed Chinese nationalists in their fight against Japanese occupation. Since 1949, when the communists defeated the nationalists, the United States has attempted to isolate China. In the 1970s, the United States and communist China joined forces to resist the Soviet Union.
At the turn of the 21st century, some in the US began to see China as a potential threat. But the US establishment dismissed the idea and bet that Beijing could become a “responsible stakeholder” in the world order. America also believed that China’s growing economic prosperity would inevitably lead to greater democratisation of its society.
India-China relationship
On April 1, 1950, India became the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China.
India and China signed the Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation and also mutually decided to appoint Special Representatives (SRs) to explore the framework of a boundary settlement.
India seeks multipolarity not just in the world system, but also in Asia, where it does not wish to be second fiddle to China.
China continues to block Indian membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group and remains non-committal on India’s permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council.
China is using the Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Silk Road not only to inveigle developing nations via “debt diplomacy”, but also to camouflage its actual aim, which is regional domination.
India-US relationship
The relationship between India and the US has had a turbulent journey over the last 75 years and entered a transformative phase in the last two-and-half decades.
India and the US grew closer as strategic partners in the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-US strategic partnership is deepening economic engagement and resolve on both sides to elevate the bilateral relationship to a “global strategic partnership”.
The Quad began as a broad partnership after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami but gained strategic heft after the four-country grouping, which has Australia and Japan alongside India and the US, was repurposed in 2017, primarily as a counter to China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean rim, and as a forum for redoubling focus on the Indo-Pacific region.
In contrast to the return of rivalry in the China-India and China-US ties, the India-US relationship has widened and developed into a comprehensive global strategic alliance.
The Quad began as a broad partnership after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami but gained strategic heft after the four-country grouping, which has Australia and Japan alongside India and the US, was repurposed in 2017, primarily as a counter to China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean rim, and as a forum for redoubling focus on the Indo-Pacific region.
In contrast to the return of rivalry in the China-India and China-US ties, the India-US relationship has widened and developed into a comprehensive global strategic alliance.
Conclusion
Your conclusion should be short.
India should expect the US to adopt a “transactional” approach and strike deals that buttress its interests and India must reciprocate by seeking to advance its national interests like the HAL-General Electric deal for F-414 turbojet co-production, the supply of armed MQ-9B drones, cooperation in semiconductor manufacturing, or joint space exploration.
Other Points to Consider
Recent India-US developments
The border dispute with China (Map – Mark the Places)
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Previous Year Questions
The new tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (2021) |
11-Aug 2023
