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Critical Topics and Their Significance for the UPSC CSE Examination on May 16, 2025
Daily Insights and Initiatives for UPSC Exam Notes: Comprehensive explanations and high-quality material provided regularly for students
Unemployment at 5.1%, women labour force rises: PLFS data
For Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international Significance
For Mains Examination: GS III - Economy and Unemployment
Context:
The unemployment Rate (UR) in current weekly status (CWS) in India among persons of age 15 years and above was 5.1% in April, as per the first monthly bulletin of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) released here
Read about:
Unemployment Rate (UR)
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
Key takeaways:
- According to the inaugural monthly bulletin of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), published by the Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation using a revised methodology, the unemployment rate (UR) in India for individuals aged 15 and above stood at 5.1% in April under the current weekly status (CWS).
- Male unemployment was slightly higher at 5.2%, while the female rate was recorded at 5%. In rural regions, the overall unemployment rate was 4.5%, compared to 6.5% in urban areas.
- Notably, urban females aged between 15 and 29 faced a significantly higher unemployment rate of 23.7%. The updated survey approach now includes data collection from rural locations as well.
- During the same period, the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for individuals aged 15 and above was reported at 55.6%. This rate was higher in rural areas at 58%, whereas it was 50.7% in urban regions.
- The Worker Population Ratio (WPR) for those aged 15 and above was 55.4% in rural areas and 47.4% in urban locations, with a national average of 52.8% in April.
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
- The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) is a comprehensive nationwide survey conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
- It was introduced in 2017 as a replacement for the earlier system of quinquennial (five-yearly) Employment-Unemployment Surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). The PLFS was designed to provide more frequent and timely estimates of key employment and unemployment indicators in India.
- One of the main objectives of the PLFS is to estimate various labour market indicators such as the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Worker Population Ratio (WPR), and Unemployment Rate (UR), based on both short-term and long-term measures.
- It aims to assess these indicators not only on an annual basis but also quarterly for urban areas and, under a revamped system, monthly for specific indicators. This makes the PLFS a valuable tool for understanding trends and dynamics in the Indian labour market with greater regularity and granularity.
- The PLFS introduces two reference periods for measuring employment and unemployment: the Usual Status (US), which refers to a person’s activity status during the last 365 days preceding the survey, and the Current Weekly Status (CWS), which considers a person’s status over the seven days before the survey. This du