INTEGRATED MAINS AND PRELIMS MENTORSHIP (IMPM) 2025 Daily KEY
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Non Communicable disease and Production Linked Incentives its significance for the UPSC Exam? Why are topics like Ethanol , National Quantum Mission, Renewable energy important for both preliminary and main exams? Discover more insights in the UPSC Exam Notes for October 14, 2025 |
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Early Intervention in NCDs: Preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasingly depends on timely intervention, which requires investment in robust primary healthcare networks. In addition, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine demand innovative digital health infrastructures.
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Objectives of Prevention and Care: The focus is on preventing illnesses, enabling early detection, and managing chronic conditions closer to people’s homes. These strategies not only improve health outcomes in India but also offer valuable lessons for other nations.
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Challenges of an Ageing Population: India’s ageing population, coupled with socio-economic inequalities, makes health a critical challenge. Preparing for future health needs requires preventive measures, healthy nutrition, and technological innovation. Integrating healthy ageing initiatives into primary care will test and transform current health systems.
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Shift in Causes of Death: India has witnessed a transition from infectious diseases to NCDs as the leading causes of mortality. In 1990, diarrhoeal diseases topped the list with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 300.53 per lakh, whereas by 2023, ischaemic heart disease accounted for the highest number of deaths, with an ASMR of 127.82 per lakh.
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Other Major Causes: In 2023, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the second leading cause of death (ASMR 99.25 per lakh), followed by stroke (ASMR 92.88 per lakh).
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Progress in Mortality and Life Expectancy: While the overall all-cause ASMR decreased from 1,513.05 per lakh in 1990 to 871.09 in 2023, life expectancy at birth improved by approximately 13 years, from 58.46 in 1990 to 71.56 in 2023. For men, it increased from 58.12 to 70.24, and for women from 58.91 to 72.96.
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Mental Health Trends: Globally, mental health disorders have risen sharply, with anxiety disorders increasing by 63% and depressive disorders by 26%. Factors such as sexual abuse and intimate partner violence contribute significantly to these conditions and their broader health impacts.
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Risk Factors Across Age Groups:
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Children under 5: Primary risks include child and maternal malnutrition, pollution, and unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).
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