CPTPP
1. Context
The United Kingdom on Sunday formally signed a treaty to join a major Indo-Pacific bloc what it said was the biggest trade deal since the country left the European Union at the beginning of 2020.
Government analysis that said the pact would boost UK exports by 1.7 billion pounds (€1.9 billion, $2.23 billion), imports to the UK by 1.6 billion pounds and gross domestic product (GDP) by £1.8 billion pounds in the long term. The pact is expected to take effect in the second half of 2024
2. What is CPTPP?
The CPTPP is a landmark pact agreed upon in 2018 that cuts trade barriers among 11 countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam
The pact requires countries to eliminate or significantly reduce tariffs and make strong commitments to opening services and investment markets
It also has rules addressing competition, intellectual property rights and protections for foreign companies
CPTPP is seen as a bulwark against China’s dominance in the region, although Beijing has applied to join, along with Taiwan, Ukraine, Costa Rica, Uruguay and Ecuador
3. Why is CPTPP important to UK?
- The UK government says CPTTP will cut tariffs for UK exports to Asia Pacific countries and with UK membership, the trading bloc will have a combined GDP of 12 trillion pounds and account for 15% of global trade
- Britain is keen to deepen trade ties in the Pacific after Brexit in 2020
- London has been pushing a “Global Britain” strategy since it gave up EU membership after nearly 50 years, leaving the bloc’s single market and customs union
- Instead, former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson negotiated a trade deal called the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
- Since Brexit, the UK has sought other trade deals with countries and trading blocs around the world that the government says have faster-growing economies than the EU
- But London will likely struggle to achieve free trade deals with large powers like China in the near term and even its closest ally, the United States has said further trade liberalization with Britain is currently off the table
- Critics say CPTTP and other deals will struggle to compensate for the economic damage sustained by leaving the now-27-member EU — the world’s largest trading bloc and collective economy
- The UK’s long-term productivity is forecast to be reduced by 4% as a result of Brexit, according to the government’s spending watchdog, the Office for Budget Responsibility.
- The UK already has trade deals with 10 of the 11 other CPTPP members and the eventual economic boost is likely to increase GDP by just 0.08% annually.
- In 2022, Britain exported 340 billion pounds of goods and services to the EU, 42% of total UK exports
4. Way forward
Trans-Pacific trade pact members said they were gathering intelligence on those countries interested in joining the agreement to see whether they were able to meet the bloc’s “high standards.”
The membership is currently undertaking an information-gathering process on whether aspirant economies can meet the CPTPP’s high standards, taking into account their experience on their trade commitments
A decision on who will join and when will be made collectively
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For Prelims: Free Trade Agreement, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
For Mains: 1.Explain the concept of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Compare and contrast PTAs with free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions. Assess the advantages and limitations of PTAs.
2.Discuss the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in international trade agreements. Examine the challenges and opportunities associated with the protection and enforcement of IPRs in the context of global trade. |
Source: indianexpress
