VIENNA CONVENTION
1. Context
The Afghan Embassy said it was taking this step in the best interest of the people of Afghanistan. In accordance with Article 45 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961), all property and facilities of the Embassy will be transferred to the custodial authority of the host country, it said.
2. Vienna Convention
The Vienna Convention refers to a series of international treaties and conventions that were negotiated and adopted in Vienna, Austria, and cover various aspects of diplomatic relations, treaties, and international law.
One of the most well-known and important Vienna Conventions is the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which was adopted in 1961.
3. Significance of the Vienna Convention
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961):
- The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is a treaty that sets out the framework for diplomatic relations between sovereign states.
- It was adopted on April 18, 1961, and entered into force on April 24, 1964.
- The convention codifies customary international law and establishes the rights and privileges of diplomats, diplomatic missions (embassies), and the host country.
- Key provisions include immunity of diplomats from arrest or prosecution, inviolability of diplomatic premises, the duty of the host country to protect diplomatic missions, and the freedom of communication between diplomats and their governments.
- The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations has been ratified by a large majority of countries and is considered a cornerstone of modern diplomatic practice.
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963):
- In addition to the diplomatic convention, there is also a Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, which was adopted in 1963.
- This convention addresses consular relations between countries, focusing on the rights and functions of consular officers, the protection of nationals in a foreign country, and access to and communication with nationals in detention
4. Way forward
Apart from the conventions mentioned above, there are other Vienna Conventions that cover various aspects of international law, such as treaties, the law of treaties between states and international organizations, and the law of treaties between states and international organizations or between international organizations
The Vienna Conventions are significant because they provide a comprehensive framework for diplomatic and consular relations, as well as the formation and interpretation of treaties. They have helped to codify and standardize international law in these areas, contributing to greater clarity and predictability in international relations.
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Previous Year Questions
1.Which one of the following is the main objective of Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol? (UPSC CAPF 2019)
A.Combat desertification
B.Formulate sustainable developmental goals
C.Protection of ozone layer
D.Combat climate change
Answer (C)
2.Vienna Convention is related to the: (OSSC WEO 2022)
A.Reduction of persistent organic pollutants
B.Reduction of Mercury Contamination
C.Protection of Ozone Layer
D.Reduction of Greenhouse Gases
Answer (C)
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Source: indianexpress
