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General Studies 3 >> Economy

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BITCOIN

BITCOIN

 
 
 
1. Context
 
Similar to the anticipation surrounding the Olympics every four years, cryptocurrency enthusiasts eagerly await their own quadrennial event. As athletes gear up for the 2024 Games in Paris this summer, crypto traders and Bitcoin miners are also preparing for the 'Bitcoin halving,' which is projected to occur in April.
 
 
2. About Bitcoin
  • Bitcoin is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates on a decentralized network called blockchain.
  • It was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto and was released as open-source software in 2009.
  • Bitcoin is often referred to as a cryptocurrency because it relies on cryptographic techniques to secure transactions, control the creation of new units, and verify the transfer of assets.
  • Unlike traditional currencies, Bitcoin is not issued by a central authority like a government or a bank, but rather it is created through a process called mining, where powerful computers solve complex mathematical problems to validate and record transactions on the blockchain.
  • Bitcoin can be used to buy goods and services, or it can be traded on various online exchanges for other currencies or assets.

3. Understanding Bitcoin Halving

  • Bitcoin halving is a significant event in the world of cryptocurrency, marking a 50% reduction in the reward given to Bitcoin miners for successfully validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain. This process, known as 'Proof of Work,' requires miners to solve complex mathematical puzzles using advanced computer equipment. The first miner to solve the puzzle claims the reward, which is currently set at 6.25 Bitcoin (BTC). However, the actual value of this reward fluctuates based on the market price of BTC and when the miner chooses to sell.
  • Imagine a group of cashiers in a grocery store competing to accurately tally up the same set of items. The first cashier to complete the task receives a prize of ten gold coins. Each cashier can use their preferred tools to tally the items, with some opting for paper and pencil, others using a smartphone calculator, and some investing in state-of-the-art computer systems. While the cashier with the most advanced equipment is more likely to win, others still have a chance. This system encourages all cashiers to perform well, ensuring efficient service for customers.
  • Now, consider returning to the same grocery store after several years. The cashiers are still competing for the same prize, but it has been reduced to five gold coins. Is the prize still worth the effort? The answer depends on the market price of gold and the cost of the equipment the cashiers invested in.
  • Similarly, Bitcoin halving reduces the reward for miners, making it less profitable for some. However, it also helps maintain the scarcity of Bitcoin, which is a key factor in its value. Ultimately, Bitcoin halving is a crucial part of the cryptocurrency ecosystem, ensuring the sustainability and integrity of the blockchain.

4. Significance of Bitcoin Halving for Crypto Investors

  • Bitcoin halving is a critical event for crypto investors due to its impact on the supply and scarcity of BTC. While Bitcoin mining increases the supply of BTC, halving reduces the rate at which new coins are released, making the asset more scarce.
  • This scarcity is often associated with upward pressure on prices, similar to gold. With a total limit of 21 million BTC, over 19 million have already been mined, leaving a limited number of coins to be mined in the future.
  • Halving occurs after every 210,000 blocks are mined, typically happening every four years. In 2009, a successful miner could claim 50 BTC as a reward, which has now been reduced to 3.125 BTC after the latest halving.
  • However, the value of these rewards can vary significantly based on the price of Bitcoin. For example, as of February 14, 2024, the price of 1 BTC was approximately $49,528, making a mining reward of 6.25 BTC worth around $309,550.
  • Both corporate and independent miners are actively involved in Bitcoin mining, often seeking locations with cheap electricity prices to maximize profits.
  • While China was once a hub for crypto mining, government crackdowns have led to a migration of miners to other countries like Kazakhstan and Iran.
  • The future value of Bitcoin rewards after halving largely depends on the market price of Bitcoin, making it a crucial consideration for crypto investors.

 

5. Impact of Bitcoin Halving on Investors

  • The impact of Bitcoin halving on investors varies depending on their level of involvement with Bitcoin and its ecosystem.
  • For instance, a corporate-level miner who has invested heavily in Bitcoin mining hardware and is facing high electricity bills may be eager to earn their block reward while it is still set at 6.25 BTC, rather than the reduced 3.125 BTC.
  • On the other hand, a new trader who has made a small investment in Bitcoin through a crypto exchange app and is less familiar with the underlying blockchain technology might not react much to the news of halving.
  • Meanwhile, a more experienced trader who has studied past halvings might consider increasing their Bitcoin investment in anticipation of a potential price spike, while another might "short" Bitcoin, hoping to profit from a potential price crash.
  • Ultimately, the impact of Bitcoin halving on investors depends on their individual strategies, knowledge, and level of involvement in the cryptocurrency market.

 

6. Predicting the Crypto Market Post-Next Bitcoin Halving

  • The future of the crypto market after the next Bitcoin halving is uncertain and subject to various factors. While many self-styled crypto traders, financial analysts, fintech engineers, crypto influencers, and statisticians claim to predict Bitcoin's price trajectory using cryptocurrency models and metrics, investors must understand that these are educated guesses at best.
  • Some investors and analysts refer to a recurring four-year cycle tied to halvings, suggesting that prices tend to spike after these events. However, Bitcoin's journey has been unpredictable due to a mix of blockchain-related factors, regulatory changes, increased awareness of cryptocurrency investments, growing adoption of Bitcoin, and geopolitical or economic events.
  • Bitcoin's price is heavily influenced by investor sentiment, with indicators like the 'Fear and Greed' index helping investors understand potential price shifts. While the next Bitcoin halving will be an intriguing event, crypto watchers need to conduct their own research and determine what the halving means for them personally.
 
7. The Way Forward
 
Bitcoin is a complex and innovative digital currency. Understanding halving and its implications is crucial for anyone considering investing in the crypto market. Remember, thorough research and informed decision-making are essential when navigating this dynamic and evolving space.
 
 
For Prelims: Bitcoin, Crypto Currency, Digital Currency
For Mains: 
1. Explain the significance of Bitcoin halving for the cryptocurrency ecosystem. How does it affect the supply and scarcity of Bitcoin? (250 Words)
 
 
Previous Year Questions
 
1. With reference to 'Bitcoins', sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?  (UPSC 2016)
1. Bitcoins are tracked by the Central Banks of the countries.
2. Anyone with a Bitcoin address can send and receive Bitcoins from anyone else with Bitcoin address.
3. Online payments can be sent without either side knowing the identity of the other.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
A. 1 and 2 only        B. 2 and 3 only        C.  3 only      D.  1, 2 and 3
 
 
2. With reference to “Blockchain Technology”, consider the following statements:  (UPSC 2020) 
1. It is a public ledger that everyone can inspect, but which no single user controls.
2. The structure and design of the blockchain are such that all the data in it are about cryptocurrency only.
3. Applications that depend on the basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody’s permission.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only    B. 1 and 2 only    C. 2 only      D.1 and 3 only
 
 
3. Currency swap is a method of (UGC  Commerce 2019) 
A. hedging against foreign exchange risk
B. speculating in foreign exchange
C. leverage instrument used by cooperative banks
D. mode of payment in international trade
 
 
4. "Rapid Financing Instrument" and "Rapid Credit Facility" are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following? (UPSC 2022)
A. Asian Development Bank
B. International Monetary Fund
C. United Nations Environment Programme
D. Finance Initiative World Bank
 
Answers: 1-B. 2-D, 3-A, 4- B
Source: The Indian Express
 

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