EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEMS
Earth Observation Systems (EOS) is a NASA program that uses scientific instruments and artificial satellites to observe the Earth's land, oceans, biosphere, and atmosphere
Earth observation satellites can see things that are not visible from the ground, even at the altitudes where aircraft travel. They monitor greenhouse gases and other climate indicators and help analyze the health of the Earth's ecosystem.
Remote sensing is a technology that studies and observes the Earth's systems and their dynamics. Remote sensing data, especially satellite images, are used to observe and study the Earth from space.
The data collected from remote sensing is often processed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS allows the visualization, analysis, interpretation, and query of geographical data
Earth Observation Applications
- The Earth Observation Satellites operated by ISRO have effectively implemented numerous practical applications across the nation.
- At both national and regional levels, a substantial user base relies on space-based data for diverse purposes.
- Key missions within the IRS satellite series, such as Cartosat-1 & 2, Resourcesat-1 & 2, Oceansat-1 & 2, Risat-1, Megha-Tropiques, SARAL, Scatsat, INSAT series, and several other satellites, have facilitated distinctive uses of space-based imaging.
- ISRO is on the cusp of launching the next generation of these satellites as part of its ongoing missions to ensure a continuous advantage for users through space data, promoting sustainable development and effective governance.
- India's space program is recognized for its focus on practical applications and the substantial advantages these programs offer the country.
- The societal services extended by Earth Observation, SATCOM, and the recent NavIC satellite constellation across various domains of national development, encompassing tele-education and telemedicine, stand as prime illustrations of India's application-focused approach in space programs.
- At the national, state, and local levels, projects employing Remote Sensing applications are executed through a well-established National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) architecture in the country.
- India's space program framework stresses applications, with active involvement from government, academia, and industry stakeholders.
- Over recent years, the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite constellation has made considerable progress in effectively applying satellite data across various operational domains.
- Notably, these include Agricultural Crops Inventory, Water Resources Information System, Groundwater Prospects, Forest Working Plans, Biodiversity and Coral Mapping, Potential Fishing Zones, Ocean State Forecasts, Rural and Urban Development, Inventory & Monitoring of Glacial Lakes / Water Bodies, NavIC-based Location Services, and Disaster Management Support Programme, including Cyclone and Floods Mapping & Monitoring, Landslide Mapping & Monitoring, Agricultural Drought, Forest Fire, Earthquakes, Extreme Weather Monitoring, and experimental Forecasts, among others.
- Geospatial technologies, remote sensing, satellite communication, and navigation systems are revolutionizing natural resource management, resulting in diverse data and information products beneficial to society.
- These technologies are assisting planners and decision-makers in offering unique services tailored to people's needs.
- Platforms like Web Geoportals and mobile technologies (such as Bhuvan Geoportal) are being extensively used by governments to disseminate information services and solutions across all administrative levels, proving highly effective.
- The government system has successfully harnessed these technologies for the greater good of the populace.
- ISRO collaborates closely with central and state government departments, industries, and academia to deliver optimal solutions for efficient Natural Resources management, support services for governance, and societal development. This concerted effort has yielded several crucial applications that are increasingly focused on people's needs
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