REASONING 

19. Consider the following statements (2015)

Geeta: Naresh has become a better boxer since he started meditation.

Radha: Impossible. A boxer's most important asset is his aggressiveness.

Radha's statement reflects her belief that 

(a) meditation tends to make a person less aggressive.

(b) meditation has little or no effect on the person who practices it.

(c) Naresh was a poor boxer earlier because he was not aggressive enough.

(d) Naresh would not have taken to meditation as he was a boxer.

Answer (a)

Radha's statement reflects her belief that (a) meditation tends to make a person less aggressive. Radha argues that a boxer's most important asset is his aggressiveness, implying that meditation, which Geeta claims Naresh has started, would have a negative impact on his aggressiveness and therefore make him a worse boxer. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

18. Consider the following statements:(2015) 

1. A man had a wife, two sons and two daughters in his family.
2. The daughters were invited to a feast and the male members of the family went out to take part in a picnic.
3. The man's father did not return from his work.

Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Only the man's wife was left at home.

(b) It is likely that the man's wife was left at home.

(c)None was left at home.

(d) More than one person was left at home.

Answer (b)

Based on the information given, it can be inferred that the man's wife was likely left at home since the daughters were invited to a feast and the male members of the family went out to take part in a picnic. However, it is not clear whether the man himself was among the male members who went out or whether he stayed at home. The information about the man's father not returning from work is not relevant to the question of who was left at home.

56. Consider the following statements: (2015)

1. Some claim to have seen UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects).
2. Life on other heavenly bodies is considered to be a possibility.
3. Voyage to space is now an established fact.

From the above statements, it may be concluded that

(a) UFOs are heavenly bodies

(b) UFOs are sent from other heavenly bodies

(c) Some living species in other heavenly bodies are more intelligent than man

(d) Nothing definite can be said about the UFOs

Answer (d)

The statements provided do not provide enough information to draw any conclusive or definite conclusions about UFOs. While some claim to have seen UFOs (Statement 1), it does not imply that UFOs are heavenly bodies (Statement 2) or that they are sent from other heavenly bodies (Statement 3). Additionally, there is no information given about the intelligence of living species on other heavenly bodies. Therefore, the most appropriate conclusion is that nothing definite can be said about the UFOs based on the given statements.

60. Usha runs faster than Kamala, Priti runs slower than Swati, Swati runs slower

than Kamala. Who is the slowest runner?(2015)

(a) Kamala

(b) Priti

(c) Swati

(d) Usha

Answer (b)

According to the given information, Usha runs faster than Kamala, Priti runs slower than Swati, and Swati runs slower than Kamala. Therefore, we can conclude that Kamala is the fastest runner among the four. Since Priti runs slower than Swati, and Swati runs slower than Kamala, Priti is the second slowest runner. Finally, since Usha runs faster than Kamala, she is faster than Kamala and Swati. Therefore, the slowest runner among the four is Swati (c).

75. Two men, Anil and David, and two women, Shabnam and Rekha are in a sales group. Only two speak Tamil. The other two speak Marathi. Only one man and one woman can drive a car. Shabnam speaks Marathi. Anil speaks Tamil. Both Rekha and David can drive.

Which of the following statements is true?(2015)

(a) Both the Tamil speakers can drive a car.

(b) Both the Marathi speakers can drive a car.

(c) Both of those who can drive a car speak Marathi.

(d) One of those who can drive a car speaks Tamil.

Answer-d

From the given information, we can determine the following:

Anil speaks Tamil.

Shabnam speaks Marathi.

Rekha can drive a car.

David can drive a car.

Now let's analyze the statements:

(a) Both the Tamil speakers can drive a car: This statement is not necessarily true since there is no information about whether Anil or any other Tamil speaker can drive a car.

(b) Both the Marathi speakers can drive a car: This statement is not necessarily true either because Shabnam, who speaks Marathi, is not mentioned as being able to drive a car.

(c) Both of those who can drive a car speak Marathi: This statement is not true because Anil, who speaks Tamil, is mentioned as being able to drive a car.

(d) One of those who can drive a car speaks Tamil: This statement is true because Anil, who speaks Tamil, is mentioned as being able to drive a car.

Therefore, the correct statement is (d) One of those who can drive a car speaks Tamil.

78. A society consists of only two types of people: fighters and cowards. Two cowards are always friends. A fighter and a coward are always enemies. Fighters are indifferent to one another. If A and B are enemies, C and D are friends, E and F are indifferent to each other, A and E are not enemies, while B and F are enemies.

Which of the following statements is correct?(2015)

(a) B, C and F are cowards.

(b) A, E and F are fighters.

(c) B and E are in the same category.

(d) A and F are in different categories.

Answer (b)

Using the information, we can determine that A must be a fighter because A is an enemy of B, who is a coward. Similarly, we know that F is a fighter because F is an enemy of B, who is a coward. Since E is not an enemy of A, who is a fighter, E must also be a fighter. Therefore, A, E, and F are all fighters.

8. Consider the following statements: (2016)

1. The rate of population growth is increasing in the country
2. The death rate is declining faster in the country compared to birth rate
3. The birth rate is declining faster in the country compared to death rate
4. Rural-urban migration is taking place regularly in the country

Which one of the following conclusions may be true in the light of the above facts ?

(a) The rate of population growth is increasing due to rural-urban migration

(b) The rate of population growth is increasing due to decline in death rate only

(c) The rate of population growth is increasing due to increase in birth rate only

(d) The rate of population growth is increasing due to faster decline in death rate than in birth rate

Answer (d)

From the given statements, let's analyze each option:

(a) The rate of population growth is increasing due to rural-urban migration: There is no direct information in the given statements about the cause of population growth, so we cannot conclude that rural-urban migration is the reason for the increasing population growth.

(b) The rate of population growth is increasing due to the decline in the death rate only: This statement is not supported by the given information. The given statements do not indicate that the decline in the death rate is the sole reason for the increasing population growth.

(c) The rate of population growth is increasing due to the increase in the birth rate only: This statement is also not supported by the given information. The given statements do not indicate that the increase in the birth rate alone is the reason for the increasing population growth.

(d) The rate of population growth is increasing due to faster decline in the death rate than in the birth rate: This statement is supported by the given information. Statement 2 mentions that the death rate is declining faster compared to the birth rate. If the decline in the death rate is faster than the decline in the birth rate, it can contribute to an increasing population growth rate.

Therefore, the correct conclusion is (d) The rate of population growth is increasing due to a faster decline in the death rate than in the birth rate.

10. Consider the following statement:

"We shall go either for a picnic or for trekking".Which of the following, if true,would falsify this claim?(2016)

(a) We go for a picnic but not for trekking

(b) Activities such as picnic and trekking are encouraged by the health authorities

(c) We go for trekking and not for picnic

(d) We do not go either for picnic or for trekking

Answer (d)

The claim states, "We shall go either for a picnic or for trekking." In order to falsify this claim, we need to find a statement that contradicts the claim by stating that neither a picnic nor trekking will occur.

Option (d) states, "We do not go either for a picnic or for trekking." This statement directly contradicts the claim and implies that neither a picnic nor trekking will take place. Therefore, if option (d) is true, it would falsify the claim. Hence, the correct answer is (d).

11. There were 50 faculty members comprising 30 males and the rest females. No male faculty member knew music, but many of the female faculty members did. The Head of the institution invited six faculty members to a tea party by draw of lots. At the party it was discovered that no member knew music. The conclusion is that:(2016)

(a) the party comprised male faculty members only

(b) the party comprised only those female faculty members who could not give

renderings in music

(c) the party comprised both male and female faculty members

(d) nothing can be said about the gender composition of the party

Answer (d)

While it is mentioned that no male faculty member knew music and many female faculty members did, the information provided does not indicate the gender composition of the party that was invited. It is possible that the six faculty members invited could be a mix of males and females, or it could be entirely males or entirely females. Therefore, based on the given information, nothing can be definitively concluded about the gender composition of the party.

32. Consider the following statements : (2016)

1. Either A and B are of the same age or A is older than B
2. Either C and D are of the same age or D is older than C
3. B is older than C

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements ?

(a) A is older than B

(b) B and D are of the same age

(c) D is older than C

(d) A is older than C

Answer (d)

From statement 1, we know that either A and B are of the same age or A is older than B.

From statement 2, we know that either C and D are of the same age or D is older than C.

From statement 3, we know that B is older than C.

Based on these statements, we can infer that A is older than C. Here's the reasoning:

If A and B are of the same age, and B is older than C, then A must also be older than C.

If A is older than B, and B is older than C, then it follows that A is older than C.

Therefore, the conclusion that can be drawn is (d) "A is older than C".

Directions for the following 2 (two) items:

Consider the given information and answer the two items that follow.

No supporters of 'party X, who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy, agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'; but some of them had friends in 'party Y'.

9. With reference to the above information, which one among the following statements must be true?(2017)

(a) Some supporters of party Y' did not agree for the alliance with party X'.

(b) There is at least one supporter of party Y' who knows some supporters of party X as a friend.

(c) No supporters of 'party X' supported Z's campaign strategy.

(d) No supporters of 'party X' knew Z.

Answer (b)

From the given information, we can deduce the following:

No supporters of 'party X', who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy, agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'.

Some supporters of 'party X' had friends in 'party Y'.

Now let's analyze each option:

(a) Some supporters of 'party Y' did not agree for the alliance with 'party X': This statement cannot be concluded based on the given information. We only know that no supporters of 'party X' who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'. We do not have any information about the supporters of 'party Y'.

(b) There is at least one supporter of 'party Y' who knew some supporters of 'party X' as a friend: This statement can be concluded based on the given information. It is mentioned that some supporters of 'party X' had friends in 'party Y'. This implies that there is at least one supporter of 'party Y' who knew some supporters of 'party X' as a friend.

(c) No supporters of 'party X' supported Z's campaign strategy: This statement cannot be concluded based on the given information. We only know that no supporters of 'party X' who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'. We do not have any information about the other supporters of 'party X' and their stance on Z's campaign strategy.

(d) No supporters of 'party X' knew Z: This statement cannot be concluded based on the given information. It is only mentioned that no supporters of 'party X' who knew Z and supported his campaign strategy agreed for the alliance with 'party Y'. We do not have information about all the supporters of 'party X' and whether they knew Z or not.

Therefore, the statement that must be true based on the given information is (b) "There is at least one supporter of 'party Y' who knew some supporters of 'party X' as a friend."

10. With reference to the above information, consider the following statements: (2017)

1. Some supporters of 'party X' knew Z.
2. Some supporters of 'party X, who opposed Z's campaign strategy, knew Z.
3. No supporters of the party supported Z's campaign strategy.

Which of the statements given above is /are not correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer (c)

15. Consider the following :

Statement:

Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practicing to improve and excel well in the field of music.

Conclusions:

1. Natural gifts need nurturing and care.
2. Even though one's voice is not good, one can keep practicing.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statement and conclusions?(2017)

(a) Only conclusion I follows from the statement.

(b) Only conclusion II follows from the statement.

(c) Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows from the statement.

(d) Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows from the statement.

Answer (a)

In respect of the given statement and conclusions:

Statement: Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practicing to improve and excel well in the field of music.

Conclusions:

1. Natural gifts need nurturing and care.
2. Even though one's voice is not good, one can keep practicing.

Let's analyze each conclusion:

1. Natural gifts need nurturing and care: This conclusion can be inferred from the given statement. The statement mentions that a good voice is a natural gift, but one has to keep practicing to improve and excel in the field of music. This implies that while a natural gift is important, it still requires nurturing and care through practice to reach excellence. Therefore, conclusion I follows from the statement.
2. Even though one's voice is not good, one can keep practicing: This conclusion is not directly supported by the given statement. The statement talks about improving and excelling in the field of music with practice, but it does not specifically mention anything about someone with a not-so-good voice. Therefore, conclusion II does not follow from the statement.

Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is (a) Only conclusion I follows from the statement.

34. Consider the given statement and the two conclusions that follow:

Statement: Morning walk is good for health.

Conclusions:

1. All healthy people go for a morning walk.
2. Morning walk is essential for maintaining good health.

What is/are the valid conclusion/ conclusions?(2017)

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer (d)

The correct answer is (d) Neither 1 nor 2.

Explanation:

The given statement is: Morning walk is good for health.

Conclusion 1: All healthy people go for a morning walk.

This conclusion cannot be validly drawn from the given statement. While the statement implies that morning walk is beneficial for health, it does not necessarily mean that all healthy people go for a morning walk. There can be various other factors that contribute to a person's health, and not all healthy individuals may choose to engage in a morning walk.

Conclusion 2: Morning walk is essential for maintaining good health.

This conclusion also cannot be validly drawn from the given statement. The statement suggests that morning walk is good for health, but it does not necessarily mean that it is essential for maintaining good health. There are multiple ways to maintain good health, and morning walk is just one of the many potential activities that can contribute to overall well-being.

Therefore, neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 can be logically derived from the given statement. Hence, the correct answer is (d) Neither 1 nor 2.

20. In a conference, out of a total 100 participants, 70 are Indians. If 60 of the total participants are vegetarian, then which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. At least 30 Indian participants are vegetarian.
2. At least 10 Indian participants are non-vegetarian.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below(2019)

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer (c)

1.At least 30 Indian participants are vegetarian: This statement is correct. Since there are a total of 60 vegetarians, and all 70 Indians are part of the conference, it follows that at least 30 Indian participants must be vegetarian. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

2.At least 10 Indian participants are non-vegetarian: This statement is also correct. Since there are a total of 100 participants and 60 vegetarians, it means there must be 40 non-vegetarians. Since all 70 Indians are part of the conference, it follows that at least 10 Indian participants must be non-vegetarian. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is (c) Both 1 and 2.

32. : In a school, 60% students play cricket. A student who does not play cricket, plays football. Every football player has got a two-wheeler. Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from the above data?

1. 60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.
2. No cricketer has a two-wheeler.
3. Cricket players do not play football.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:(2019)

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer (d)

1.60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.

This conclusion can be drawn from the given data. Since 60% of the students play cricket, it implies that the remaining 40% do not play cricket. It is mentioned that every football player has a two-wheeler. Therefore, it can be concluded that 60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.

2.No cricketer has a two-wheeler.

This conclusion can be drawn from the given data. It is stated that every football player has a two-wheeler, and since a student who does not play cricket plays football, it implies that no cricketer has a two-wheeler.

3.Cricket players do not play football.

This conclusion can also be drawn from the given data. It is mentioned that a student who does not play cricket plays football. Therefore, it can be inferred that cricket players do not play football.

Hence, all three conclusions can be drawn from the given data, so the correct answer is (d) 1, 2, and 3.

Directions for the following 2 (two) items :

Read the following statements SI and S2 and answer the two items that follow :

S1: Twice the weight of Sohan is less than the weight of Mohan or that of Rohan.

S2: Twice the weight of Rohan is greater than the weight of Mohan or that of

Sohan.

79. 79. Which one of the following statements is correct?(2019)

(a) Weight of Mohan is greatest

(b) Weight of Sohan is greatest

(c) Weight of Rohan is greatest

(d) 'Whose weight is greatest' cannot be determined

Answer (d)

The correct answer is (d) 'Whose weight is greatest' cannot be determined.

Explanation:

From statement S1, we have:

Twice the weight of Sohan < Weight of Mohan or Weight of Rohan

From statement S2, we have:

Twice the weight of Rohan > Weight of Mohan or Weight of Sohan

Based on these two statements, we cannot determine which person has the greatest weight. The statements only provide comparisons and inequalities between the weights of the three individuals (Sohan, Mohan, and Rohan), but they do not give us specific values or relationships to determine the exact weights.

Therefore, we cannot determine whose weight is the greatest among Sohan, Mohan, and Rohan based on the given statements. Hence, the correct answer is (d) 'Whose weight is greatest' cannot be determined.

80. Which one of the following statements. is correct ?(2019)

(a) Weight of Mohan is least

(b) Weight of Sohan is least

(c) Weight of Rohan is least

(d) 'Whose weight is least' cannot be determined

Answer (a)

Explanation:

From statement S1, we have:

Twice the weight of Sohan < Weight of Mohan or Weight of Rohan

From statement S2, we have:

Twice the weight of Rohan > Weight of Mohan or Weight of Sohan

Combining these two statements, we can conclude that:

Twice the weight of Sohan < Weight of Mohan < Twice the weight of Rohan

Therefore, the weight of Mohan is less than that of Rohan, and since Sohan's weight is less than half of Mohan's weight, the weight of Sohan is the least among the three individuals.

Hence, the correct answer is (b) Weight of Sohan is least.

46. Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses. One-fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One-third of the villagers are literate. Four-fifth of the villagers are under 25 years of age. Which one of the following statements is certainly correct?(2021)

(a) All the villagers who have their own houses are literate.

(b) Some villagers under 25 years of age are literate.

(c) Only half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate.

(d) No villager under 25 years of age has his own house.

Answer (b)

Now let's evaluate each statement:

(a) All the villagers who have their own houses are literate: We cannot conclude this statement.

There is no information provided about the literacy status of villagers who own houses. Therefore, we cannot say that all of them are literate.

(b) Some villagers under 25 years of age are literate: This statement is correct. Since 33.33% of the villagers are literate and 80% of them are under 25 years of age, it is certain that some villagers under 25 years of age are literate.

(c) Only half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate: We cannot conclude this statement. There is no information provided about the literacy status of villagers who cultivate paddy. Therefore, we cannot say that only half of them are literate.

(d) No villager under 25 years of age has his own house: We cannot conclude this statement. There is no information provided about the ownership of houses by villagers under 25 years of age. Therefore, we cannot say that none of them have their own houses.

Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is (b) Some villagers under 25 years of age are literate.

53. Jay and Vijay spent an equal amount of money to buy some pens and special pencils of the same quality from the same store. If Jay bought 3 pens and 5 pencils, and Vijay bought 2 pens and 7 pencils, then which one of the following is correct?(2021)

(a) A pencil costs more than a pen

(b) The price of a pencil is equal to that of a pen

(c) The price of a pen is two times the price of a pencil

(d) The price of a pen is three times the price of a pencil

Answer (c)

Let's assume the cost of a pen as P and the cost of a pencil as Q. According to the given information:

Jay bought 3 pens and 5 pencils, so the total amount spent by Jay is 3P + 5Q.

Vijay bought 2 pens and 7 pencils, so the total amount spent by Vijay is 2P + 7Q.

Since both Jay and Vijay spent an equal amount, we can set up the equation:

3P + 5Q = 2P + 7Q

By simplifying the equation, we get:

P = 2Q

This means that the price of a pen is two times the price of a pencil.

Therefore, the correct answer is (c) The price of a pen is two times the price of a pencil.