Mains Practice Question

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Topic

Highlight the impact of climate change on the pattern of monsoons in India.
 
Introduction

A simple introduction to this answer can revolve around a general statement about monsoons in India.

The climate of India can broadly be classified as a tropical monsoon. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) designates four official seasons out of which the Monsoon or rainy season is from June to September.

The Indian subcontinent receives around 80% of its annual rainfall during the summer monsoon, from June to September.

Body

 

You may incorporate some of the following points in the body of your answer:

Impact of Climate Change on Monsoons in India

The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various internal and external factors:’

  • El Nino is an external driver that modulates the monsoon’s intensity and spatial distribution. However, it is important to note that El Nino alone cannot account for all monsoonal variations.
  • El Nino is associated with weak monsoons and lower-than-average rainfall in India.
  • The location of the El Nino event also influences its effects on the Indian monsoon — warming in the Central Pacific Ocean affects it more than the warming in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
  • Indian Ocean Dipole significantly shape monsoon dynamics.
  • The western coast of the country witnessed the high-intensity cyclone
  • Central, Eastern and Northern parts experienced heat stress.
  •  In India, heavy rainfalls “lasting from May to September triggered multiple landslides and river overflows and floods, resulting in casualties and damage
  • According to the report by WMO, the rise in frequency and severity of extreme weather events has particularly impacted the agriculture sector in Asia.
  • For climate-related disasters such as floods, droughts, and tropical storms, more than 25 per cent of all damage and losses is associated with the agriculture sector
 
Conclusion

Your conclusion should be short.

The country needs to identify the monsoon variability-related impacts and more importantly, map its associated hazards (landslides, flash floods, etc) risks, and vulnerability at the hyper-granular level.

The mapping should include hard losses (infrastructure and finances) and soft losses (livelihoods, migration). India needs a high-resolution monsoon variability index to track critical vulnerabilities at the block and city level and simultaneously enhance early warning systems and forecasting.

 

Other Points to Consider

 

Tibetan High

Monsoon Low

Indian Ocean Dipole

 

 

Previous Year Questions

 

1.What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia? (2017)

2.How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss. (2015)

 

18-Aug 2023
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